Introduction: Depression is one of prevalent psychiatric disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of DIALECTIC BEHAVIORAL THERAPY (DBT) on depressed women's life attitude. Methods: This study was a semi experimental study with pretest-posttest design carried out on 30 depressed women selected by purposeful sampling method and randomly assigned to control and experimental group (15 subjects in each group). The data collection tool was Ray Kare's Life Attitude Questionnaire, which was performed before and after the training as a pretest for both experimental and control groups. Then, an intervention program was performed for the experimental group, in 9 sessions 2-hour DIALECTIC BEHAVIORAL THERAPY. After intervention and two month later, post-test and follow-up test were performed respectively. Finally, Data were analyzed by Multivariate Covariance Analysis (Mancova). Results: The findings showed that participants’ scores of the experimental group in life attitude questionnaire and its subscales increased significantly than the control group in post-test and this increase was maintained until the follow-up stage (p<0/1). Conclusion: Based on the results it can be concluded that the DBT is an appropriate intervention to alter life attitudes of depressed women.

Background and Objectives: Depression is the second most common disorder, which is at the top of the list of psychological disorders and is directly related with recurrence and improvement of the symptoms of chronic diseases. The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of DIALECTIC BEHAVIORAL THERAPY and cognitive BEHAVIORAL THERAPY on depression in women with multiple sclerosis.Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with two groups of experimental and control on multiple sclerosis patients referring to occupational THERAPY and physioTHERAPY clinics of Hamedan province. These patients had a lower deviation score than the standard in the mental health questionnaire. Eighteen patients in each group, were selected using criteria-based random sampling. The experimental groups were trained in 16 sessions of 1-1.5 h, and evaluated by Lovibond's Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (1995). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests.Results: In this study, there were significant differences between the mean depression scores of DIALECTICal behavior THERAPY and cognitive THERAPY groups and the control group. Also, there was a significant difference between the mean depression scores of DIALECTICal behavior THERAPY and cognitive THERAPY (p<0.001).Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that in the area of treatment and working with depressed patients who are in crisis, pain, and emotional distress, DIALECTICal BEHAVIORAL THERAPY and cognitive BEHAVIORAL can be efficient and promising due to its nature.

Introduction: Acceptance and commitment THERAPY (ACT) and DIALECTICal behavior THERAPY (DBT) are commonly grouped under the name "the third wave of cognitive behavior THERAPY" and are based on the acceptance- and mindfulness-based approaches rather than challenging them. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of these two approached on BEHAVIORAL inhibition and BEHAVIORAL activation in men with substance abuse.Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 60 men were selected using available sampling method among all men with substance abuse referred to the Drug Rehabilitation Centers in Kermanshah City in 2017-18. The participants were randomly divided into three groups of 20, two experimental groups and one control group. Participants in the acceptance and commitment THERAPY and DIALECTIC BEHAVIORAL THERAPY received 10 and 12 sessions of intervention respectively and the control group received nothing. The instrument for collecting data was a BEHAVIORAL inhibition and BEHAVIORAL activation scale, which was performed in all three stages of pre-test, post-test and three-month follow up on the subjects. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance post hoc test.Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of pre-test, post-test and follow up values of the experimental groups (p£0.001). However, this finding was not observed between the two experimental groups.Conclusions: The results showed that men with substance abuse may benefit from recent acceptance- and mindfulness-based approaches including acceptance and commitment THERAPY and DIALECTIC BEHAVIORAL THERAPY.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of DIALECTICal behavior THERAPY on Catastrophizing and mental rumination in mothers of mentally retarded children. Semi-experimental and two-way pre-test and post-test design were used to conduct the research. To this end, the community of mothers with mentally retarded children was selected in the 5th district of Tehran and 24 persons were recruited. After answering the research tools, they were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups, while the experimental group DIALECTIC BEHAVIORAL THERAPY interventions were received for 8 sessions of 1.5 hours, the control group did not receive any training. In this research, Garnsfaki, Greejeh and Spinhaven (2001) and Ruminative response scale (RRS) were used for collecting data. Finally, data were analyzed using covariance test. The results of post-test confirmed the significant reduction of the participants in the experimental group in ruminant and catastrophic components. Based on the findings of the study, DIALECTICal behavior THERAPY had a significant positive effect on the reduction of catastrophizing and ruminating in mothers of mentally retarded children and can be used to improve the mental status of this group.

Introduction: Depression disorder with a widespread incidence of about 10-25% for women and 10-12% for men over the lifetime has been known as a mental cold since many years ago. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of collective DIALECTICal BEHAVIORAL THERAPY on depression and perceived stress in female students. Methods: This research was a semi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of the study included all female students of the faculty of humanities Islamic Azad University of Najafabad who studied in the academic year of 2017-18. Among them, 30 subjects were selected by means of Beck Depression Inventory and was replaced in two experimental groups (15 subjects) and control (n = 15). The experimental group was grouped in DIALECTICal BEHAVIORAL THERAPY for 8 sessions of 90 minutes. The Beck Depression Scale and perceived stress scale were used to collect data, which was performed in both pretest and posttest. Data were analyzed using mankova covariance analysis at a significance level of P < 0. 05. Results: The results showed that DIALECTICal BEHAVIORAL THERAPY was effective in improving depression (P = 0. 018) and perceived stress (P = 0. 023) in female students with depression. Conclusions: According to the results, DIALECTICal BEHAVIORAL THERAPY can improve depression and perceived stress among female students. Therefore, this intervention can be used as an effective treatment for the improvement of this disorder and can be used to help improve the condition of people with depression.

Background & Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of DIALECTIC BEHAVIORAL THERAPY on depression, anxiety and stress in anorexia nervosa disorder, using a single case design.Materials & Methods: Four consecutive chronic outpatients fulfilling DSM-5 criteria for Anorexia Nervosa disorder were treated according to core treatment manual of BEHAVIORAL Activation. Patients were assessed measuring depression, anxiety and stress scale.Results: The treatment was associated with considerable reduction in the specific measures of depression, anxiety and stress.Conclusion: The results showed effectiveness of DIALECTIC BEHAVIORAL THERAPY Training on the level of depression, anxiety and stress in anorexia nervosa patients. Although this study was limited by the absence of a control group, these findings may be extended and generalized more for impulse THERAPY.The treatment appears promising, although a controlled evaluation of its effectiveness is necessary to draw a definitive conclusion.

Background: Obesity causes the psychological and emotional processes of individuals to be damaged. Aims: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of meta diagnosis package of acceptance and commitment THERAPY, Self-Compassion THERAPY and DIALECTIC BEHAVIORAL THERAPY on emotion regulation and eating behavior of overweight and obese women who referred to nutrition clinics in 2017. Method: The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and three-month follow up stage. The statistical population of the present study included women referring to nutrition clinics in the city of Tonekabon from whom 20 overweight and obese women were selected through non-random sampling method and replaced into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received twelve ninety-minute meta diagnosis teaching interventions during three months. The applied questionnaires in the current study included the questionnaire of difficulty in emotion regulation (Geratz and Romer, 2004) and eating behavior (Norman, et. al, 2009). The data from the study were analyzed through mixed ANOVA via SPSS 23 software. Results: The results showed that meta diagnosis teaching intervention has significantly influenced emotion regulation and eating behavior in overweight and obese women (p<0. 001). Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study meta diagnosis teaching package can be employed to improve emotion regulation and eating behavior in overweight and obese women.

Background & Objectives: Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common disorders in childhood and adolescence. Rearing a child with disabilities is often considered a stressor for the family and affects all its aspects, including family functioning. However, the concept of communication patterns has been considered to promote family functioning and health. Research suggests that psychosocial interventions can make parents more effective at improving their family's functioning, as well as reducing symptoms of ADHD in their children. In this regard, one of the most common therapies effective in this field that has received little attention from researchers is DIALECTICal behavior THERAPY. This THERAPY is an approach that utilizes emotion regulation strategies to solve emotional and BEHAVIORAL problems and emphasizes emotion training, acceptance, and accreditation in therapeutic interventions. The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of DIALECTICal behavior THERAPY on family functioning and communication patterns of mothers of children with ADHD. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study was all mothers of children with ADHD living in Baharestan City, Iran, during the academic year of 2018-2019. A total of 30 parents were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into the experimental (n=15) and control groups. The inclusion criteria included performing a 4-CSI questionnaire on mothers to screen for ADHD from other disorders with a score of 6, a clinical interview with a child psychiatrist or psychologist to diagnose the disorder, and mothers' literacy. We used parents of children with various ADHD disorders. The exclusion criteria comprised not participating in treatment sessions, participation of the mother in similar treatment sessions, a history of mental illness in the mother, and other concurrent disorders in the child such as mental retardation and psychotic disorders according to the child's record and psychiatrist diagnosis. The treatment sessions were based on Robbins et al. (2001) DIALECTICal behavior THERAPY guide. The experimental group received DIALECTICal BEHAVIORAL THERAPY training interventions, but the control group did not receive training. The intervention comprised ten 60-min sessions, twice a week for five weeks. Family Assessment Device (Epstein et al., 1983) and Communication Patterns Questionnaire (Christensen & Sullaway, 1984) were used in the pretest and posttest stages. The collected data were described with descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation). Data analysis was done by the univariate analysis of variance in SPSS 22 (α, =0. 05). Results: According to the results, there was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in family functioning (p=0. 008) and the communication patterns of mothers of children with ADHD, including the mutual constructive communication pattern (p<0. 001), the mutual avoidance communication pattern (p<0. 001), and the expectation/withdrawal communication pattern (p<0. 001). Conclusion: Based on the study results, DIALECTICal behavior THERAPY is effective in improving family functioning, reducing mutual avoidance communication patterns and expectation/withdrawal communication, as well as increasing the constructive communication pattern in mothers of children with ADHD.

Background & Aims: This research was carried out to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavior THERAPY and DIALECTIC behavior THERAPY and on depression.Materials & Methods: This study was carried out on 27 participants who were selected according to acquiring 1 score more than standard deviation above the mean in depression inventories and were set into three clusters including cognitive-behavior THERAPY, DIALECTIC behavior THERAPY and control. Next, based on an experimental method, pre and post tests with the control cluster, the former and latter clusters were trained in between the one and half an hour of eight sessions while the control group received no therapeutic training. Beck Depression scale and covariance were used to assess and analyze the data.Results: Albeit both therapeutic clusters did not have significant differences in depression, they have had significant therapeutic differences in successfully intervening against the symptoms compared to the control cluster.Conclusion: Thus, it could be inferred that the DIALECTIC BEHAVIORAL THERAPY and cognitive behavior THERAPY may be considered a practical therapeutic technique to improve and decrease depression.